Haemolytic Anaemias

1.A seven-year-old boy presented to the hospital with breathlessness and severe pallor. On examination he had stunted growth, frontal bossing, mild icterus and moderate splenomegaly. History of repeated blood transfusions was present. Investigations revealed Hb- 3gm%, TLC – 5600/cu.mm, platelets –

• a) 0 lakhs/cu.mm. Peripheral smear showed microcytic hypochromic blood picture with marked anisopoikilocytosis, many target cells and reticulocyte count of 5%.
• b) What is the likely diagnosis and why
• c) What is the pathogenesis of this condition
• d) What are the laboratory investigations needed in such a case to diagnose the disease and the expected results
• e) How do you classify this disease based on its clinicohematological profile

1.Laboratory Diagnosis of Thalassemia

2.Mention two common complications of sickle cell anemia

3.Indications for Direct Coomb’s test

4.Lab diagnosis and Pathogenesis of β thalassemia major

5.Osmotic fragility test

6.Spherocyte

7.A two years old female child presented with pallor, growth retardation and history of repeated transfusions. There was malocclusion of jaws with skull X ray showing “hair on end appearance” and hepatosplenomegaly. Answer the following

• a) What is your diagnosis
• b) What is the etiopathogenesis of this condition
• c) What are the peripheral smear findings
• d) What are the bone marrow findings

8.Direct coombs test

9.Fetal hydrops

10.Heinz bodies

11.A young boy aged 3 years was admitted for compliants of yellowish discoloration of eyes.He has past history of repeated blood transfusions.On examination severe pallor and splenomegaly present.X ray showed crew cut appearance.Peripheral smear showed microcytic hypochromic RBCs. Answer the following :

• a) What is the most probable diagnosis.
• b) Describe the various lab investigations to establish the diagnosis.
• c) What is the pathogenesis of the disease

12.Principle of sickling test

13.Target cells

1.Immune hemolytic anemias

2.Erythroblastosis foetalis

1.Confirmatory test for hereditary spherocytosis

2.What is Direct Coomb’s test