Tumour Markers & Spread

1.Define metastasis. Describe the pathways of spread of tumors with examples. Explain mechanism of metastasis

1.List two tumor markers

2.Define Metastasis, Enumerate the routes of metastasis and explain the mechanisms

3.Psammoma bodies are ………………

4.Metastatic cascade

5.Pathways of cancer spread

6.Kruckenberg’s tumor

1.Diagnostic IHC makers of any four tumors

2.List FOUR tumor markers and their associated malignancies

3.Pathways of Metastasis and their mechanisms

4.Routes of metastasis with examples

5.Mechanism of cancer metastasis

6.Modes of spread of malignant tumors with suitable examples

1.Name ONE cancer that commonly spreads by hemotagenous route

2.Name the tumor marker produced by hepatocellular carcinoma and yolk sac tumors

3.Name the IHC marker done in oral/oropharyngeal cancer

4.What is Ki 67

1.(A) Psammoma bodies are seen in cases of papillary carcinoma thyroid (R) Dystrophic calcification of tumour necrosis produces Psammoma bodies

• a) Both A & R are correct and R is the reason for A
• b) Both A & R are correct but R is not reason for A
• c) A is correct R is incorrect
• d) A is incorrect R is correct

2.Krukenberg tumour of the ovary is an example of

• a) Hematogenous spread
• b) Lymphatic spread
• c) Transceloemic spread
• d) Perineural spread