Oedema & Congestion

1.Define edema. Discuss the pathophysiologic causes of edema. Describe the features of an exudate

1.Nutmeg liver

2.Characteristic microscopic finding in Chronic venous congestion Spleen is …………

3.Describe the gross appearance of Chronic venous congestion liver

4.Define edema and describe the various pathogenetic mechanisms involved in different

5.What are heart failure cells

6.A 55 years old man presented with generalised edema and shortness of breath.On examination he has distended jugular veins. He gives previous history of rheumatic heart disease.

• a) What is your diagnosis.
• b) Describe the gross and microscopic features of liver, spleen and lung.
• c) What is the pathogenesis of edema in this case

1.Cardiac edema

2.Pathogenesis of renal oedema

1.Name a condition where “nutmeg liver pattern” is seen

2.Name one cause for increase in hydrostatic pressure leading to edema

3.Name the condition in which Gamna Gandy bodies are seen

1.(A): Gandy Gamna Bodies are seen in chronic venous congestion of Spleen

• (R): Chronic venous congestion of spleen causes right sided heart failure
• a) Both A & R are correct and R is the reason for A
• b) Both A & R are correct but R is not reason for A
• c) A is correct R is incorrect
• d) A is incorrect R is correct