Tubular, Cystic & Drug Nephropathy

1.Nephrotoxic drugs

2.Urinary abnormality in diabetic kidney disease

3.Drug induced renal injury

4.ADPKD (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease)

5.Polyuria

6.List causes of polyuria

7.Mention four manifestations of adult polycystic kidney disease

1.Assertion (A): The passing more than 3litra/day of urine is called as polyuria

• Reason(R): Polyuria is due to defect in aquaporin receptors and excretion of non absorbable solutes through kidney
• a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
• b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
• c) A is true but R is false
• d) A is false but R is true

2.Dumbbell-shaped or envelope crystals seen in urine microscopy are usually due to

• a) Uric acid
• b) Calcium phosphate
• c) Triple phosphate
• d) Calcium oxalate