Measurements in Epidemiology

1.Ismail is a 59 year old person suffering from coronary artery disease. His Body Mass Index (BMI) is 30kg/m2. He is a plumber, working about 20-22 days in a month. He developed the habit of consuming alcohol at the age of 35 years

• a) How do you classify Body Mass Index
• b) What are the risk factors that can be modified to promote health
• c) As a primary health centre Medical officer what are the interventions you will do in your area to reduce the incidence and prevalence of coronary heart disease

2.You are the medical officer of a Primary Health Centre. You have conducted a household survey to study the prevalence of hypertension among adults. It was observed that the prevalence is high and it is found more among the age group of 30-40 years. Obesity and sedentary lifestyle were the major risk factors identified in your study.

• a) What are the services available to these newly detected patients from PHC.
• b) What all measures you will take to prevent and control the prevalence

3.As an epidemiologist if you are asked to measure the burden of coronary heart disease in the community, how will you estimate the burden

1.Incidence and prevalence of a disease

2.Prevalence of HIV is estimated through sentinel surveillance List the following

3.Relative risk and attributable risk

4.Incidence and prevalence giving examples

5.Odds ratio and relative risk

1.An example of a disease with a high case fatality rate

2.Define incidence

3.Relationship between incidence and prevalence

1.An odds ratio of one indicates

• a) Protective effect
• b) High risk
• c) No association
• d) No inference can be made

2.Assertion: ABER (Annual Blood Examination Rate) should be less than 5%

• Reason: API (Annual Parasite Incidence) depends on the number of blood slides screened for malaria parasite
• a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
• b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
• c) A is true, R is false
• d) A is false, R is true

3.Assertion: Case fatality rate is a measure of virulence of the disease

• Reason: Rabies has low case fatality rate
• a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
• b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
• c) A is true, R is false
• d) A is false, R is true

4.Assertion: Prevalence is used as indicator of Morbidity

• Reason: Prevalence includes only new cases
• a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
• b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
• c) A is true but R is false
• d) A is false but R is true

5.Prevalance as a measure of disease frequency is influenced by

• 1) Duration of the disease 2) Incidence of the disease
• 3) Fatality of the disease 4) Variation in the population size
• a) 1, 3, 4 are correct
• b) 1, 2, 4 are correct
• c) 1, 2, 3, 4 are correct
• d) 1, 2 are correct

6.The killing power of a disease is best expressed by

• a) Case fatality rate
• b) Attack rate
• c) Secondary attack rate
• d) Proportional mortality rate

7.The measure of risk in case control study is

• a) Odds ratio
• b) Relative risk
• c) Attributable risk
• d) Hazard ratio