Joints of Upper Limb

1.Describe the shoulder joint under the following headings: type of joint, articulating surfaces, ligaments, movements and muscles causing them and applied anatomy

2.A patient was brought with complaints of inability to abduct the right arm. On inspection, bulging in the upper part of the arm was observed

• a) Name the joint involved
• b) Write on the ligaments of the joint
• c) Write on the relations of the joint
• d) Write on the movements of the joint with muscles helping in the movements

3.A 50 years old man came to the casualty with complaints of pain at the shoulder joint. Answer the following questions:

• a) Name the bones forming the joint
• b) ligaments
• c) movements and muscles causing them
• d) blood supply
• e) nerve supply
• f) applied aspects

4.A football player dislocated his right shoulder while playing. The dislocation was reduced under general anesthesia. He was discharged from the hospital with a collar and cuff support. Subsequently, an orthopedic surgeon noticed that his right shoulder was less prominent than the left. The player was finding it difficult to abduct the arm to a horizontal level. Based on your knowledge in anatomy, answer the following questions:

• a) Mention the anatomical features which render the shoulder joint more prone to dislocation.
• b) What is the cause of subsequent flattening of the shoulder and difficulty in abducting the arm to a horizontal level.
• c) Name the muscles involved in initiating abduction and overhead abduction .
• d) Briefly mention the movements occurring at the shoulder joint and the muscles producing these movements.
• e) State the reason, why the head of the humerus is often displaced downwards

5.A football player fell heavily and dislocated his right shoulder joint while playing. A collar and cuff support was given, after reducing the dislocation. Subsequently an orthopedic surgeon noticed that his right shoulder was less prominent than the left. The player was finding it difficult to abduct the arm to the horizontal level. Based on your anatomical knowledge answer the following questions:

• a) What anatomical features make the shoulder joint particularly prone to dislocation
• b) Briefly describe the most stabilizing structure of the joint and why the head of the humerus is often displaced downwards.
• c) In this case, what is the cause of subsequent flattening of the right shoulder and the difficulty in abducting the arm to a horizontal level.
• d) Briefly mention the ligaments and the muscles acting at the shoulder joint

1.Arterial anastomoses around elbow joint

2.Ligaments of shoulder joint

3.Radio-ulnar joints

4.Inter muscular spaces of scapular region – boundaries & contents and applied anatomy

1.Rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder joint

2.Arterial anastomosis around elbow joint

3.Wrist joint

1.Sagittal section through shoulder. Name the following