Oral Cavity, Tongue & Palate

1.A 65-year-old man who was Chronic Smoker and Tobacco chewer for past 15 years, came to hospital with ulcerated lesion on the anterior part of the Tongue, which bleeds on touch. He was unable to swallow and foul smell was emitting from his mouth. O/E he had enlarged Submandibular and lower cervical lymph nodes. He was diagnosed with Carcinoma of the Tongue

• a) Based on anatomical knowledge, what are the external features of Tongue
• b) Name the muscles of tongue with their nerve supply
• c) Describe the Blood supply and Lymphatic drainage of Tongue
• d) Explain the development of tongue

2.A 20 years old female underwent right sided mastoidectomy following which she developed weakness of facial muscles on that side. There was also impairment of taste sensation from the anterior two thirds of the tongue on the same side. Based on your knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions:

• a) Name the structure involved during surgery that would have led to the symptoms in this patient.
• b) Name all the nuclei in the brain stem which are concerned with this structure
• c) Describe the intracranial, intra petrous and extra cranial course of the structure.
• d) Name its branches at different levels

1.Lymphatic drainage of tongue

2.Nerve supply of tongue correlating with its development

3.Nerve supply of submandibular salivary gland

1.Muscles of soft palate and their nerve supply

2.Hyoglossus muscle

3.Motor and sensory innervation of tongue

4.Dorsum of tongue

5.Sensory nerve supply of dorsum of tongue

6.Structures over hyoglossus

1.Name two muscles of soft palate

1.A 10-year-old girl underwent bilateral tonsillectomy for chronic tonsillitis. On examination, prior to discharge, the surgeon noted an absence of touch sensation on the posterior ⅓ of the tongue along with an absent gag reflex. Based on your knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions

• a) Name the nerve damaged during the surgery
• b) What are the external features on the posterior ⅓ of tongue
• c) Correlate the development of the tongue to its nerve supply
• d) Briefly describe the histology of the tonsil