Cranial Cavity & Meninges

1.Classify the dural venous sinuses. Describe the cavernous sinus under the following headings

• a) Situation and extent
• b) Relations
• c) tributaries and communications
• d) applied anatomy

2.A male patient was brought to emergency department with head injury following road traffic accident. On examination he was found to have black eye and pulsating exophthalmos on left side. On radiological examination fracture of body of sphenoid was noted.

• a) What is the anatomical basis of black eye and pulsating exophthalmos in this patient
• b) Name the dural venous sinus that is likely to be involved in this patient and describe its relations, tributaries and communications
• c) Classify dural venous sinuses

3.A patient brought to causality following road traffic accident had bulging of right eyeball with every radial pulse beat. X-ray revealed fracture of right half of body of sphenoid. Answer the following:

• a) location and extent of cavernous sinus
• b) relations of cavernous sinus
• c) reason for pulsating bulge of right eyeballin the above patient
• d) tributaries of cavernous sinus
• e) Classify the cranial dural venous sinuses

4.A patient brought to causality following road traffic accident had bulging of left eyeball with every radial pulse beat. X-ray revealed fracture of left half of body of sphenoid. Answer the following questions:

• a) Mention the location and extent to cavernous sinus
• b) its relations and its tributaries
• c) Mention the reason for pulsating bulge of left eyeball in the above patient
• d) Classify the cranial dural venous sinuses

1.Confluence of venous sinuses

2.Cavernous sinus – structures related, tributaries and applied anatomy

1.Structures passing through foramen magnum

2.Explain the clinical importance of cavernous sinus

3.Tentorium cerebelli

4.Falx Cerebri

1.Name two dural folds

1.Gasserian ganglion is located in

• a) Anterior cranial fossa
• b) Middle cranial fossa
• c) Posterior cranial fossa
• d) In neck at the level of C-6 vertebra

2.If left untreated, the infection can erode the thin layer of the bone between the mastoid air cells and the posterior cranial fossa and spread into which of the following sinuses

• a) Superior sagittal sinus
• b) Inferior sagittal sinus
• c) Cavernous sinus
• d) Sigmoid sinus